National models indicate the Inflation Reduction Act may help the United States cut its greenhouse gas emissions by about 40% by 2030, but renewable energy developers are warning there are a range of challenges that could keep those estimates out of reach.

The hurdles include the “three-headed monster” of clogged interconnection queues, permitting delays and a congested transmission system, according to Devin Hartman, director of energy and environmental policy at the R Street Institute.