Former President Trump’s surgeon general is advocating for conservative states to back needle exchanges as a strategy to reduce transmission of infectious diseases like HIV and hepatitis C and save lives while the fentanyl epidemic rages on.

Why it matters: Making illicit drug use easier may seem counterintuitive, but it’s been shown to improve public health and reduce societal costs, Jerome Adams argued in an opinion piece he co-authored in USA Today.

Driving the news: Officials in states including Idaho, Nebraska and West Virginia have moved to curtail the programs, saying they send the wrong message during the opioid epidemic, threaten public safety and aren’t effective.

Yes, but: Adams and other advocates argue the programs don’t just hand out syringes but provide overdose prevention education and tools, community support services and options for treatment and recovery.

What they’re saying: “Misguided policies can hamstring the ability of needle exchange programs to meet the pressing needs of vulnerable communities, especially as the opioid epidemic worsens,” Adams wrote in the piece, co-authored with Mazen Saleh, a harm reduction specialist at the free-market R Street Institute.

Before his turn as surgeon general, Adams was Indiana’s state health commissioner at a time when a syringe program helped contain a major HIV outbreak.

What we’re watching: While some states weigh more restrictions on needle exchanges, Pennsylvania is considering legalizing syringe services statewide.