Jillian Snider, a former New York Police Department officer and adjunct lecturer at CUNY’s John Jay College of Criminal Justice who watched the surveillance video, said if the officers were unsure what was causing him not to comply with their commands, “medical aid should have been requested.” During her 15 years with NYPD, the protocol was to call EMS or an ambulance “right away” if a person was unresponsive or slow to respond.

“No matter what, I believe this case underscores the need for improved law enforcement protocols and training when dealing with potential medical emergencies,” Snider told the Citizen Times June 12.

When they first arrived, officers stood near the rolled down driver’s side window in a “nonchalant” manner, making it appear that the officers did not believe Ledford was a threat to them, Snider said while analyzing the video.